The paper examines gender disparities and its effect on women‘s livelihoods in Small Scale Fishers (SSFs) in Kalangala District of Uganda. In spite of various attempts to lessen the negative effect of gender disparities, women‘s livelihood in SSF‘s has continued to be poor. Findings showed that (a) due to social / cultural gender disparities men dominated in major fishing activities while 91% women employed in post-harvest activities alongside domestic chores. (b) Women‘s low education (79% attained up to primary level compared to 50% men with secondary education), child rearing obligations, and cultural constraints make them less qualified than men for economically productive employment. (c) Only 20% women compared to 60% men were involved in other income generating activities. Women lacked land or personal houses for bank loan security. (d) Resource ownership, access and control had majority of fishing gear assets owned by men (76%) who earned above $1333 weekly compared to 38% women who between $15 and $ 29. The majority of women were unable to easily access the available though inadequate social services because of long distances with unreliable, costly transport and domestic work load. These disparities had an effect on women‘s livelihoods in that they could not engage in economically productive work.